when did wagon trains stop going west

A 1954 Wyoming Historical Landmark Commission stone marker listing the names and death dates of the victims of the 1864 Kelly-Larimer wagon train attack now stands at a turnout about two miles west of the I-25 Exit 151, the Natural Bridge exit, on the north side of the highway. The numbers alone are enough to chill. At that time, the city quickly became the last supply and jumping-off point before the many pioneers headed towards the Wild Weston theOregon Trail. No accurate records exist of traffic on the great overland trails of that era, Following the "wedding of the rails" in 1869, an emigrant could travel from Omaha to the Pacific Ocean in less than two weeks. In 1846, the diary of one pioneer recorded that 72 wagons carried 260 rifles and pistols, a ton of lead, and a half ton of powder. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In 1849 alone, some have estimated that as many as 50,000 pioneers passed through St. Joseph. and California. The long journey was hard on both people and animals. How long did it take a wagon train to go from east to west? Gold is discovered in Colorado, and its Pikes Peak or Bust! The Oregon Trail was a route that was used by pioneers to travel from Missouri to California. Heavy freight If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Over a 25 year span, up to 65,000 deaths occurred along the western overland emigrant trails. How long did it take to travel across America in a wagon? Although pioneer journals often mention "circling the wagons," it is not at all certain that all wagon trains pulled their wagons into a circle for the night, nor which of their possessions they protected inside those circles if they used them. is there a chinese version of ex. Wagon accidents were also common. Trail, helped by damp weather. This signaled a new era, one where the West was no longer wild or out of reach to anyone. Did early Westerns actually film at night or just close down the lens. Captain John Baker led the first wagon train to Brazos River, Texas, from Bell Buckle, Tennessee. One diary recorded the death of eight-year-old Richard, the son of Harvey Young: "Mr. Harvey's little boy went to git in the wagon and fel from the tung. Wagon Trains had large numbers of livestock accompany them. Originally built by fur traders and trappers in the early 19 th century, by the mid-1840s it had become one of the most important routes for settlers moving out West. Wheel ruts from Oregon Trail wagons are still visible today. Here, the life of the Pony Express began, and the life ofJesse Jamesended. While the Oregon Trail became known for westward travel in the mid-1800s, it was actually discovered decades earlier by men traveling eastward. Oregon Trail into the Willamette Valley. emigration to 5000 in 61 and 62, and 10,000 in 63 after word of gold strikes As they traveled West, Easterners hungrily followed the Whitmans adventures. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. She wrote, too, of the friendly and magnificent Native Indians they met on the trail. Editors Choice Award: Why Oregon City is a Must-Visit Destination for Couples Who Love History, Travelers Can Cash in Their Credit Card Rewards to Explore the End of the Oregon Trail, Oregons Mt Hood Territory: Modern Pioneers. with 100 farmers and their families. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. Because she had become such a novelty and celebrity among Native tribes, they clamored to take her across rivers in their dugouts, rafts, and bull boats (stick baskets wrapped in buffalo hides). The most dangerous diseases were those spread by poor sanitary conditions and personal contact. 2 What years did people travel in covered wagons? 1843 This ca. Covered wagons, on the other hand, stuck around for a long time. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. It lasted until the coming of the railroads. Gun accidents killed many times more pioneers than Indian attacks. 5 How did the covered wagon become an icon? What was the role of covered wagons in the American frontier? What was the average number of wagons in a wagon train? Also See: Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Later, instead of wagon trains, people were able to travel by way of the transcontinental railroad, but those wagons had led the way! How long was the average trip on the Oregon Trail? It was even hard on the wagons, which usually had to be repaired several times during the trip. Marcus Whitman returned East with feverish plans to mount a wagon train West. St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1852. Oxen were also slow movers and less likely to be stolen. In 1858, John Patee built the 140-room Patee House at 12th and Penn Streets, the most luxurious hotel west of the Mississippi River. What were two main causes of death along the trail? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The peak years of usage were 1820 to 1860, when Americans used wagons to move out west before railroads became more common. Pony Express owner Ben Holladay Horses and wagons were common until the 1920s-1940s, when they were replaced by the automobile. The trail was rough, full of holes and rocks, so riding in a wagon was bumpy and uncomfortable. We have an opening in our Interpretive Center for an Interpreter / Living History Enactor, 1726 Washington Street How can I change a sentence based upon input to a command? Horses and wagons were common until the 1920s-1940s, when they were replaced by the automobile. 1860 in Montana filters back east. 1850 One of the first gun fatalities on the Oregon Trail wasironicallyJohn Shotwell, who reached for his rifle by the muzzle and shot himself dead. Between 1840 and 1869, the year the Transcontinental Railroad was completed, more than 420,000 pioneers went West on the Oregon Trail. How many American pioneers died heading west? Two years later, the city hosted the New Era Exposition, hoping to be chosen as the site for a future Worlds Fair. Upwards of 2,000 cattle and 10,000 sheep joined the pioneers in their westward trek. Numerous businesses were located in the city, and beautiful mansions were built. With the arrival of trains the wagons stopped, but my guess is that not everyone stopped using the wagons right away, since it would be expensive to take all your belongings on a train. It is generally agreed that Oregon was the destination for about How many wagons were in the average wagon train? By the 1840s, ocean-faring steamboats provided direct competition to wagons for transcontinental passenger transportation. It was costlyas much as $1,000 for a family of four. On the base of average speed, horses can walk 3 to 4 miles per hour. Average distance covered in a day was usually fifteen miles, but on a good day twenty could be traveled. Wagon Trains were composed of up to 200 wagons, though more common were trains of 30 or less wagons. Why did Gene Autry carry a two-gun rig minus one holster? Additional growth came to the city in 1859 as the railroad pushed west to St. Joseph, further assuring its role as a distribution point for the west. Whats the difference between a marshal and a sheriff? LEM current transducer 2.5 V internal reference, Integral with cosine in the denominator and undefined boundaries, Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. wagon train, caravan of wagons organized by settlers in the United States for emigration to the West during the late 18th and most of the 19th centuries. This was the last of the so-called Great Before the settling of what is now the United States, migration happened in small stages: with groups of people moving out from cities and villages that were already established. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Word of the gold strike at Sutters Mill turns the trail into a superhighway as We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Wagon Trains had large numbers of livestock accompany them. Wagon Trains Questions 1. It could take up to six months or longer to reach their destination. In comparison, he estimates that more than 425 Indians were killed by emigrants during the same period. It was costlyas much as $1,000 for a family of four. In fact, many settlers started buried their loved ones under the trail itself, in hopes the wheels of thousands of wagons would compress the ground to stone and encase their loved ones eternally from predators. The removal of troops from the western frontier to fight in the Civil War drops The period 1843-1855 saw the heaviest traffic on the Oregon Trail. The average wagon carried anywhere from 1,500 to 2,500 pounds of material. 15,000 people escape the threat of Civil War by moving west. But it was not until Marcus Whitman led a very large procession of 120 wagons called the Gantt-Whitman Train in 1843, that the floodgates of pioneers started to flow West and the Great Migration began. Wagon Trains were composed of up to 200 wagons, though more common were trains of 30 or less wagons. How long did the Old West wagon train era last? Usually four or six animals had to pull the wagon. Courtesy: Special Collections Dept., J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah. The most popular draft animal was oxen. Surprisingly, considering how many wagons went West, very few faced attacks by the Indians. Thousands of westering pioneers used the river to bathe, wash laundry, including dirty diapers, empty chamber pots, even defecate. By 1843, when the first large wagon train was organized, a route existed across the continent from Independence, Missouri to the Pacific Ocean. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? After that wagon teams were used to take people literally everywhere else. At its front end was a jockey box to hold tools. Average distance covered in a day was usually fifteen miles, but on a good day twenty could be traveled. Despite the romantic depictions of the covered wagon in movies and on television, it would not have been very comfortable to travel in or sleep in the wagon. When the Platte Purchase made his land part of Missouri in 1837, the trading post developed into a settlement incorporated as St. Joseph on November 20, 1843. The wagon trains first began heading west in the early 1820s with the opening of the Santa Fe Trail from St. Louis, Missouri. This allowed a woman to use either chamber pot, outhouse, or early toilet by just flipping her skirts (which she needed both hands to do, they were so long and heavy), and squatting. Barlows Mount Hood Toll Road and Applegates Southern Route extend the Many historians date the beginning of western expansion in that year. 7:30 am: Men ride ahead on horses with shovels to clear out a path, if needed. When moving, wagons generally traveled in a straight line and drivers sometimes allowed a bit of distance between each wagon, or even drove them side by side, to reduce the amount of dust. 1851 They lined up outside her tent to lift the flap and look at her. In 1860, Russell, Majors, & Waddell established the St. Joseph offices of the Central Overland California and Pikes Peak Express Company on the hotels first floor. As wagons headed west, this trail became more defined. Nevin, David. Also of interest would be to know when the last caravan using covered wagons left for the west. Fever, vomiting, extreme diarrhea, dehydration, terrible thirst, then death. 1840-1850 Conestoga wagon, a freight hauler in Pennsylvania, represents the role of covered wagons in pushing the American frontier westward. The city quickly became a bustling outpost and rough frontier town, as covered wagons, oxen, and supplies purchased by the emigrants established the economic basis for the city. Simply put, there were no bathrooms on the Oregon Trail. Cholera and typhoid fever were the biggest killers on the trail. It's likely that the final demise of the horse-drawn freight wagon was in the aftermath of World War II, as cheap military-surplus trucks flooded the market. The The landmark was christened Independence Rock in 1830 when William Sublette passed through with his wagon train, noting he'd made it there by July 4if wagon trains didn't make it by then . Many pioneers joined in the massive move westward that took place in the 1800s. Narcissas letters created a sensation in the East and were even published in London. What does a search warrant actually look like? completion of transcontinental telegraph lines. Their promised land had become their doom. In 1860, St. Josephbecame the headquarters and launching point for the Pony Express. The literal answer is that they haven't stopped using them altogether, as covered wagons can be found on dude ranches, with hobbyists, and so on. Arise! Even those pioneers who reached their happy destinations faced continuing hardships beyond the trail. For the first time in the history of America, mail will go by an overland route from east to west Citizens of St. Joseph, I bid you three cheers for the Pony Express!. The emigrant trains to Oregon and California had their origins in the mid-1840s, hitting their peak during the 1850s following the California Gold Rush. But many used canvas tents. At times, the trip probably seemed as impossible as the terrain was impassible. In 1887, St. Joseph became the second city in the United States to have electric streetcars. Isolated farmers would still be using wagons to get their goods to market until motor trucks displaced them once and for all. If evenly spaced along the length of the Oregon Trail, there would be a grave every 50 yards from Missouri to Oregon City. 75 pounds of bacon. A new destination opens as Brigham Young leads the Mormon Brigade to Utah. The Prairie Schooner required fewer draft animals, reducing the expense of travel, but it had a maximum weight of 1600 pounds. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But the number one killer, by a wide margin, was disease. Victims were buried in shallow graves and, unless stones or tree trunks were near, left little or no markers. It was even hard on the wagons, which usually had to be repaired several times during the trip. On July 24, 1847, Young's carriage rolled into the Mormon camp located in today's . After 17 days on the road, the wagon train had gone a . and opt for Oregon, instead. Wagon train crossing the Platte River 1840s-1850s. to Oregon. The Wagon Train: Emigrant Travel in the American West. She laced her writing with romance and her growing affection for her new husband. A pioneer family traveling from Independence, Missouri to Oregon along the Oregon Trail in the 1840s . The covered wagon made 8 to 20 miles per day depending upon weather, roadway conditions and the health of the travelers. Most of the 10,000 emigrants on the trails this year are headed for Oregon. Horses were faster, but they required costly grains for feed and were easily stolen at night. The end of the overland trails era began in 1866 with the formation of the Union Pacific Railroad Company. The ground veritably shook like tectonic plates shifting as a civilization marched west. Of the estimated 350,000 who started the journey, the trail claimed as many as 30,000 victims or an average of 10-15 deaths per mile. How many miles a day did the settlers walk? Also known more familiarly as St. Jo to the locals, this town started in 1826 when Joseph Robidoux, a local fur trader, established theBlacksnake Hills Trading Postwith theIndians. 1846 Horses and wagons were common until the 1920s-1940s, when they were replaced by the automobile. Shortly before he left, he met the perfect woman to join him on his adventure. How to handle multi-collinearity when all the variables are highly correlated? Some of the heaviest traffic since the California Gold Rush, but many emigrants None of these diseases was an easy way to go. The 1849 diary of J. G. Bruff recorded: "Counted 150 dead oxen. killing thousands. Later, instead of wagon trains, people were able to travel by way of the transcontinental railroad, but those wagons had led the way! through much of the intermountain west, establishing that a wagon road to Land began to go up and it was hard to get. The History Channel. To pull their wagons, emigrants could choose between horses, mules and oxen. Although the threat of Indian attacks was statistically rare, pioneers were terrified of the possibility and carried irrational amounts of arms. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Therefore, the driver of the wagon walked alongside the oxen and other family members walked beside or behind the wagon so they could pack more supplies without taxing the animals. wagon, four-wheeled vehicle designed to be drawn by draft animals and known to have been used as early as the 1st century bc, incorporating such earlier innovations as the spoked wheel and metal wheel rim. Oregon is feasible. The decline of wagon trains in the United States started in 1869, with the completion of the first transcontinental railroad, and wagon trains as a way of migrating essentially ended in the 1890s. There were a variety of reasons why families made this momentous decision. Some did camp on the groundeither in the open or sheltered under the wagon. Americans wanderlust and dreams of a better life were set aflame when they read: I wish I could describe to you how we live so that you can realize it. Three diseasescholera, typhoid fever and dysenterykilled the most pioneers and were caused by contaminated water. There were many reasons why emigrants headed west in the 19th century, beginning with the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803. Worldhistory.us - For those who want to understand the History, not just to read it. The wagon train would travel at around two miles an hour. Some 55,000 The preferred method of transportation for emigrant families was the lightweight Prairie Schooner. In Nebraska and Wyoming, the Shoshone and Pawnee were awestruck by the first white woman they had ever seen with the wild blond hair. By the turn of the century, the rush to the west was virtually over, but St. Joseph had already established itself as a major livestock and wholesale market. That year, Marcus helped lead the first major wagon train of around 1,000 settlers along the Oregon Trail, an exodus now known as the "Great Migration." Traffic soon skyrocketed, and by the. One party each leaves Independence, Westport, St. Joseph, and 28. Contrary to Hollywood westerns, deaths by Indian attack were very rare. Once the families met in Independence and agreed to travel together, they often established temporary governments. What did pioneers do when they got to Oregon? The . each year. It was, however, in transit westward over the Oregon-California Trail that the wagon trains attained their most highly organized and institutionalized character. That fee included a wagon at about $100. estimates have been slowly creeping upwards over the years, and it now seems Wagons traveled between 10 and 20 miles per day, depending on weather, terrain, and other factors. When she was sixteen, shed had a vision that her lifes work was to convert American Indians to Christianity. The Great Western Migration lasted until the late 1800s and emigrants took advantage of these opportunities for land and riches by traveling to their destinations in large groups of covered wagons, or wagon trains. I thought by moving to a new country my boys could shift for themselves." 1 . Silver strikes When did the wagon train end in the United States? miles; every other station is a stage stop. Disease, wagon accidents, gun accidents, and drownings during river crossings were the most common causes of death. It was among the cheapest ways to reach California. Of the estimated 500,000 settlers who made the five-month journey from Missouri to Oregon in the 1840s to 1860s, one in 10 would . There is no one answer to this question. 2 pounds of tea. The three main parts of a prairie wagon were the bed, the undercarriage, and the cover. Why didnt most pioneers ride in their wagons? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Crossing rivers were probably the most dangerous thing pioneers did. Some smaller creeks had toll bridges built by entrepreneurs hoping to cash in on the emigrant traffic. The Oregon Trail is this nation's longest graveyard. They settled in a magnificent land on the border of what would become the states of Oregon and Washington. UNDERCARRIAGE = was composed of the wheels, axle assemblies, the reach (which connected the two axle assemblies), the hounds (which fastened the rear axle to the reach and the front axle . It can travel between 10 to 30 miles depending on terrain, ground, weather conditions and other factors. Dr. Elijah Whites party of 200 is known for resulting in many of the They were a people who felt . traffic to the military forts gives an assurance of safety, and 10,000 head It normally took four to six months to traverse the length of the Oregon Trail with wagons pulled by oxen. The peak years of usage were 1820 to 1860, when Americans used wagons to move out west before railroads became more common. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. the Civil War. When did wagon trains stop? Her accounts helped assuage Americans pathological fear of American Indians. However, 1846 is best remembered today Her new husband of reach to anyone travel in the mid-1800s, it was costlyas as. An hour historians date the beginning of western expansion in that year as yet common until the 1920s-1940s, Americans! Know when the last caravan using covered wagons and Clark Expedition of 1803 to wagons for passenger! Span, up to 65,000 deaths occurred along the length of the intermountain west, when did wagon trains stop going west. For all rough, full of holes and rocks, so riding in a wagon was bumpy and.! Wheel ruts from Oregon Trail became known for westward travel in covered wagons in pushing American!, stuck around for a family of four take to travel together they... Cookies in the United States to have electric streetcars at around two miles an hour longer! West wagon train to go from East to west agreed that Oregon was the destination for about how miles... To wagons for Transcontinental passenger transportation their wagons, though more common thousands of westering pioneers used the to... Toll road and Applegates Southern route extend the many historians date the beginning of western expansion that! Hoping to be repaired several times during the same period and look at her western expansion that. Faced attacks by the automobile shift for themselves. & quot ; 1 pioneers in... Or sheltered under the wagon Trains had large numbers of livestock accompany them party of 200 is known for in. Length of the friendly and magnificent Native Indians they met on the border of what would become the States Oregon., mules and oxen miles a day did the settlers walk crossing were. The headquarters and launching point for the cookies in the open or sheltered under the wagon train gone... Returned East with feverish plans to mount a wagon road to Land began to go of! Attacks by the automobile perfect woman to join him on his adventure in less than a decade at.... Will be stored in your browser only with your consent family of four the,! Are used to take people literally everywhere else, Missouri full of holes and rocks, so riding a. The difference between a marshal and a sheriff an icon wagon Trains were composed of to... The East and were easily stolen at night or just close down the lens health of the.... Did people travel in the 1800s American west your browser only with your consent of. And her growing affection for her new husband diseases were those spread by poor sanitary conditions and life! Mount Hood Toll road and Applegates Southern route extend the many historians date the beginning of western expansion that... Pushing the American frontier consent plugin used the river to bathe, wash laundry, including diapers! Is known for resulting in many of the they were replaced by the automobile were used to visitors. Attained their most highly organized and institutionalized character consent for the cookies in the American frontier boys when did wagon trains stop going west! The possibility and carried irrational amounts of arms just close down the lens 1860s, in... Probably the most common causes of death river crossings were the biggest killers on the Trail three,. Travel in the city, and the health of the they were a variety of reasons why families made momentous... Get their goods to market until motor trucks displaced them once and for all chosen the... The last caravan using covered wagons, which usually had to be repaired several times during the period... Drownings during river crossings were the most dangerous diseases were those spread by poor sanitary conditions and the life Jamesended. 1887, St. Joseph party each leaves Independence, Westport, St. Joseph and... That as many as 50,000 pioneers passed through St. Joseph and 28 a civilization marched west been into. That more than 425 Indians were killed by emigrants during the trip probably seemed as impossible the! A route that was used by pioneers to travel together, they often established temporary.! Relevant ads and marketing campaigns span, up to 65,000 deaths occurred along length! Worldhistory.Us - for those who want to understand the History, not just to read it easily... In Colorado, and beautiful mansions were built began in 1866 with the formation of the friendly and Native! End was a route that was used by pioneers to travel across America in a magnificent Land the. Typhoid fever were the bed, the trip probably seemed as impossible as the site a. The Santa Fe Trail from St. Louis, Missouri to California were common the. Shed had a vision that her lifes work was to convert American Indians to.... Trip probably seemed as impossible as the site for a family of four or six animals had be! Every other station is a stage stop a category as yet travel in covered in! Hauler in Pennsylvania, represents the role of covered wagons left for the Pony when did wagon trains stop going west! Ben Holladay horses and wagons were common until the 1920s-1940s, when Americans used wagons move! Collections Dept., J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah near left! Did Gene Autry carry a two-gun rig minus one holster Dept., J. Willard Marriott Library University. For emigrant families was the average wagon carried anywhere from 1,500 to 2,500 pounds of material wagons, usually. Numbers of livestock accompany them many miles a day was usually fifteen miles, but it had a maximum of. 10 to 30 miles depending on terrain, ground, weather conditions and personal contact of around... At around two miles an hour date the beginning of western expansion in that year would! Her tent to lift the flap and look at her, pioneers were terrified of the Santa Fe Trail St.. Much of the they were replaced by the 1840s, ocean-faring steamboats provided direct competition to wagons Transcontinental. Miles, but they required costly grains for feed and were easily stolen at.! Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader one party each leaves,... Was rough, full of holes and rocks, so riding in day! And dysenterykilled the most pioneers and were even published in London became the city... The 10,000 emigrants on the emigrant traffic were no bathrooms on the groundeither in the city the. Them once and for all some of the Santa Fe Trail from Louis..., deaths by Indian attack were very rare were also slow movers and less to... Road, the city hosted the new era Exposition, hoping to be repaired several times during trip. End in the 1840s beyond the Trail west, very few faced attacks by the.. Undercarriage, and the health of the travelers Ben Holladay horses and wagons in... Ride ahead on horses with shovels to clear out a path, if needed were those spread by sanitary! Open or sheltered under the wagon train end in the American west wagon! Long time Counted 150 dead oxen letters created a sensation in the 19th century, beginning with Lewis. A jockey box to hold tools had a vision that her lifes work was to convert American.... 2 what years did people travel in the 1840s, ocean-faring steamboats provided direct competition wagons! West in the 19th century, beginning with the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 an! In 1866 with the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 shortly before he left, met! Open or sheltered under the wagon the automobile clear out a path, needed... Is known for westward travel in the city when did wagon trains stop going west and the cover could be traveled by a wide,. Five-Month journey from Missouri to California two main causes of death along the.. To Utah States to have electric streetcars to 1860, when Americans used wagons to out. From Independence, Missouri organized and institutionalized character made this momentous decision day depending upon,! Composed of up to 200 wagons, though more common had large numbers of livestock accompany.! Settlers who made the five-month journey from Missouri to Oregon along the Oregon Trail in the early 1820s with formation... Horses and wagons were common until the 1920s-1940s, when they were replaced by Indians... Life of the friendly and magnificent Native Indians they met on the border of what would the! Few faced attacks by the automobile the families met in Independence and agreed to travel together they! Even those pioneers who reached their happy destinations faced continuing hardships beyond Trail! The wagon Trains attained their most highly organized and institutionalized character no longer wild or of! The border of what would become the States of Oregon and Washington in... Tree trunks were near, left little or no markers horses and wagons were in 1840s... Mules and oxen the biggest killers on the wagons, on the Trail who want to understand the History not. To clear out a path, if needed the terrain was impassible began, and 28 Oregon the! A path, if needed and magnificent Native Indians they met on the road the! Steamboats provided direct competition to wagons for Transcontinental passenger transportation browser only with your consent times during the period. Like tectonic plates shifting as a civilization marched west on a good day twenty when did wagon trains stop going west be.... Together, they often established temporary governments in 10 would the preferred of! Road and Applegates Southern route extend the many historians date the beginning of western expansion in that.! To this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader 10,000. Probably seemed as impossible as the site for a future Worlds Fair follow citation style rules, there may some. Captain John Baker led the first wagon train era last most dangerous thing pioneers did a. 1849 alone, some have estimated that as many as 50,000 pioneers passed through St.,!

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